COMMENT ⊗   VALID 00012 PAGES
C REC  PAGE   DESCRIPTION
C00001 00001
C00002 00002	.S Road Racing Rules
C00006 00003	<Riding Conduct.
C00010 00004	<Individual Road Race.
C00013 00005	<Criterium.
C00019 00006	<Individual Time Trial.
C00022 00007	<Team Time Trial.
C00027 00008	.<< TT time penalties >>
C00033 00009	<Stage Race.
C00054 00010	<Cyclocross.
C00057 00011	<Cross-country Time Trial.
C00061 00012	<Track Events on the Road.
C00062 ENDMK
C⊗;
.S Road Racing Rules
.ind road racing rules
<Road Course.
.ind road course
>A road course may be from place to place, around a
circuit, out and back, or any combination of these.
The course shall not cross itself -- there must be no chance that riders may
have to cut through other groups of riders.
.ind law enforcement agencies
>The start and finish of a road race shall be situated so as to
cause the least possible inconvenience to other users of the road.  The
promoter shall insure that the arrangements for the race respect the law
of the land and that proper notification of law enforcement agencies is
accomplished.
.ind feeding stations
.ind repair pits
>Feeding stations and repair pits shall be located at points wide
enough to allow passage of riders with one clear lane at all times.  If
possible, they should be situated on an uphill stretch with a wide
shoulder.
Feeding stations should be along the right side of the roadway unless
the course is closed to traffic and it is not practicable to use the right
side.

>A conspicuous marker shall denote the final kilometer.
A white flag shall mark the point 200 meters from the finish.

>The finishing area should be at least 8 meters wide and be adequately
protected so as to prevent spectators from running into the street.
The last 200 meters should be free of turns and curves.

>The finish line shall be perpendicular to the race course.
For any championship event it shall be a black line of uniform width between
4 and 6 cm. painted in the middle of a 72 cm. wide white stripe.
Photofinish equipment must be aimed along the leading edge of the black line.
.ind finish line on the road

.ind promoter's responsibilities
>The promoter shall ensure that feeding stations are correctly
located, that police and marshal facilities have been established to
insure the safety of the riders,
and that preparations have been made for crowd control at the finish.
If these conditions are not met, the chief referee may cancel the race.
<Riding Conduct.
.ind riding conduct on road
.ind conduct on road
.ind crossing centerline on road
.ind centerline violations
>If a course is not closed to
traffic, all competitors must keep to the right of
the center line or enforcement line, but may pass on either side of another rider
[warning for accidental crossing of the centerline with no advance in
position; relegation or disqualification for advancing position; 10 days
suspension for a flagrantly dangerous attack].

>Riders shall of their own responsibility conform to
all traffic regulations in force in the area where the race is held
[relegation or disqualification and possibly 10 days suspension].

.ind railroad crossing
.ind temporary road closure
.ind road closure
.ind closed road
>It is forbidden to cross a closed railroad crossing or any other road
closure [disqualification].
Should the lead rider(s) be stopped by a temporary road closure,
the chief referee shall neutralize the race and allow
the riders to restart at the same time intervals as their arrival at
the closure.
Should the lead rider(s) get through before the closure or should
circumstances not permit neutralization, the closure shall be considered
an unforeseeable incident and no compensation shall be allowed.

.ind staying on course
>The responsibility of keeping on the prescribed course rests with the
rider.
A rider may not leave the prescribed course unless ordered to do so by
public authorities or a race official [disqualification].

.ind drafting behind vehicles
>Acceptance of pace or assistance from any outside means is forbidden,
including taking pace from riders in a different race that is concurrently
on the same course [relegation or disqualification].
>Competitors who suffer a mishap may be assisted in remounting and may be
pushed up to 10 meters [relegation or disqualification for excessive
pushing].

.ind feeding
>Riders are permitted to start with feeding bottles or
such refreshments as they wish to carry, but glass containers are strictly
prohibited [disqualification].
.ind exchanging equipment on road;
>When not otherwise prohibited, competitors
may exchange food, drink, tires, tools, pumps, wheels, and bicycles among
themselves.
Such items may also be handed from a person on foot, but not directly from
a moving vehicle [relegation or disqualification].
>The passing of food or refreshments to
competitors shall be at the discretion of the chief referee
[relegation or disqualification for illegal feeding].

<Individual Road Race.
.ind individual road race
.ind road race
>If a circuit course is used for an individual
road race, the distance should be at least 5 km. per lap.
>Individual road races shall be massed start races, in which
all riders start from the same mark, or handicap races, in which starting
positions are assigned in accordance with past performance so as to
give all riders an equal chance at winning.

.ind lapped riders in road race
>A lapped rider or one who has fallen too far behind and is
considered to be out of contention may be called off the course by the
chief referee.
Riders on different laps may not give or receive pace from one another.
A lapped rider must not interfere in any prime sprint or finishing
sprint and must ride sufficient laps at the end so as to cover the entire
distance in order to qualify for a prize.
>The chief referee may either permit or prohibit following vehicles.
>Following vehicles are under the control of the chief referee.
Failure to follow instructions or actions detrimental to the race may
result in penalties against the personnel of the support vehicle, or
competitors, or both.

.ind official vehicles in road race
>Each vehicle associated with the race in any capacity should have on
board a referee, who shall submit a written report detailing observed
infractions of rules to the chief referee at the end of the race.

<Criterium.
.ind criterium
>A criterium is a circuit race held on a small course entirely
closed to traffic.  The length of the course is normally 1 to 3 km.
.ind lapped riders in criterium
>The following are alternative methods for handling lapped riders
in criteriums.
The method chosen by the promoter with the chief referee must be clearly
explained to the riders prior to the start of the race.
=A rider who has been lapped by the field or who falls so far behind
as to be considered out of contention may be removed from the race by the
chief referee.
=Alternatively, lapped riders may be permitted to remain in the race
and all will finish on the same lap as the leaders.
At the finish, these riders will be placed according to the number of laps
they are down and then their position in the finish.
It must be clearly specified whether or not lapped riders may sprint for primes.
Riders on different laps may work with each other except that
no rider may drop back to assist a rider who has broken away from the
field [disqualification for accepting such assistance].
=In stage races, all riders finish on the same lap as the winner and
each lapped rider will be given a time penalty which is that rider's
average lap time multiplied by the number of laps the rider is down at the
finish.

>FREE LAP RULE
.ind free lap rule
.continue
Riders shall normally cover the distance of the race
regardless of mishaps and must make up any distance lost on their own
ability unless a free lap is granted for mishaps.
When stipulated in the official race announcement ("Free lap
rule applies"), a free lap may be granted for mishaps subject to the following
rules.
=Bicycle inspection and repairs must be made in an official repair pit.
Either an official following vehicle shall transport riders to a
single repair pit, normally near the start/finish line, or riders must
proceed in the direction of the race to the next repair pit.
If no following vehicle is used, there should be repair pits at intervals
@of 1 km.%1 around the course.
=There must be a referee stationed in each repair pit to determine if
the mishap was a legitimate one and if the rider is entitled to a free lap.
The referee must keep track of all riders who are granted free laps and
submit a written report to the chief referee at the end of the race.
=A rider who is granted a free lap must return to the race in the
position held at the time of the mishap.
A rider who was in a group shall return at the rear of the same group the
next time around.
=There will be no free laps granted in the last 8 km.
of a race and no rider may have more than one free lap in any race.
A rider who is ineligible for a free lap must make up any lost ground.
[disqualification and 10 days suspension for fraudulant use of the free lap rule].

.ind primes
>Primes are sprints within a race.  They may be for the lead riders or any
group or field of riders.
A bell shall be sounded on the lap preceding the prime sprint at the
appropriate line for that prime sprint.
The line used for prime sprints need not be the same as the start or
finish line.
Primes may be either predetermined for certain laps or spontaneously
designated under the supervision of the chief referee.
All primes won shall be awarded to riders even if they withdraw from the race.
 
<Individual Time Trial.
.ind road time trial
.ind individual time trial
.ind time trial on road
>Courses may be out and back, around a circuit, or one way.
Only out and back and circuit courses may be used for record purposes.
A one-time out and back course or a circuit large enough for a single lap
is ideal.
>Road bicycles shall be used.
Bicycles with a front hand brake and fixed wheel may also be used.
>Starting times shall be at equal intervals, normally one minute.
>Starting order may be chosen by random selection, by numeric order,
by seeding (fastest last), or in stage races by inverse order of general
classification.
>If a rider appears later than the appointed starting
time, the start will be allowed only if it does not interfere with other
riders starting on schedule.
If it does interfere, the rider may be further delayed.
In case of a late start, the appointed time shall be used in computing
the results.
>The start sheet with starting order and appointed starting times
should be available for riders' perusal at least one hour before the start.
>The rider shall be held by an official at the start, but shall neither be
restrained nor pushed.
>On an out and back course, riders must stay to the right of the
center line at all times.
Failure to do so will result in disqualification.

>No rider shall take pace behind another rider closer
than 25 meters (80 feet) ahead, or 2 meters (7 feet) to the side.
A rider who is observed taking pace shall receive a time penalty as
specified in Table 1.
>No restarts are permitted.
In a stage race, a rider who suffers a mishap and does not finish may
be assigned the time of the slowest rider who finishes.
Alternatively, following vehicles may be permitted at the discretion of
the chief referee.
Any such vehicle must contain a referee.

<Team Time Trial.
.ind team time trial on road
>Teams may be made up of two or more riders.
The distance, timing basis, and number of riders who are required to
finish must be specified in the official race announcement.
Times may be based on any specified finishing position or on the sum of
the times of any specified finishers.
>Courses may be out and back, around a circuit, or one way.
Only out and back and circuit courses may be used for record purposes.
A one-time out and back course or a circuit large enough for a single lap
is ideal.
>Only road bicycles shall be used.
>The starting interval between teams will normally be at least
two minutes, but may be increased according to the course.
>Starting order may be chosen by random selection, by numeric order,
by seeding (fastest last), or in stage races by inverse order of team general
classification.
>If a team appears later than the appointed starting time, the start
shall be allowed only if it does not interfere with other teams starting
on schedule.
If it does interfere, the team may be further delayed.
In case of a late start, the appointed time shall be used in computing results.
>The riders from each team shall line up side by side at the start.
All riders shall be held by officials at the start and shall neither be
restrained nor pushed.  When there are too few holders,
all riders must start with one foot on the ground.
All teams must start in the same manner.
No restarts shall be permitted for any reason.
>In championship events, teams shall
consist of four riders and the team time is the time of the third rider.
Thus, at least three riders must finish.
>Teammates on different laps may not work together
[entire team disqualified].
.<< TT time penalties >>
.skip 200;
.cb TABLE 1.  Time Penalties for Time Trials
.ind time trial penalties
.ind penalties for drafting in TT
.ind drafting penalties for TT
.once fill adjust; indent 0,0;
Time penalties for taking pace in time trial events are listed below in
both metric and English units.
These penalties, in seconds, are based on the estimated speed and distance over
which the infraction occurred.
.skip;
.tab1ref: page!;
.begin "table" nofill; turn on "\←→∂"; indent 0,0,0; narrow 3;
.tabs 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, 33, 38, 43, 48, 53;
.at "<" spd "," vals ">"	⊂
.jazz←"vals";
spd {repeat ⊂ if length(jazz)=0 then done else "→" (scan(jazz," ","","IS")); "\"; ⊃}
. ⊃
.select 3;
Speed		∂(20)Distance
.select 1;
(km/h) 	∂(20)(meters)
.narrow 2; select 7;
< ,100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000>
<30,1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8>
<31,1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9>
<32,1 2 3 3 4 6 7 7 9 11>
<33,1 2 3 3 5 6 7 8 10 12>
<34,1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 13>
<35,1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 12 14>
<36,1 3 4 4 6 8 9 10 13 15>
<37,1 3 4 5 6 8 9 11 14 17>
<38,1 3 4 5 7 9 10 12 15 19>
<39,2 3 4 5 7 9 12 14 17 21>
<40,2 3 4 5 7 10 13 15 19 23>
<41,2 4 5 6 8 11 14 16 20 25>
<42,2 4 5 6 8 11 15 17 22 27>
<43,2 4 5 7 9 12 16 19 24 29>
<44,2 4 6 7 9 12 17 21 28 31>
<45,2 4 6 8 10 13 18 23 28 34>
<46,2 5 6 8 11 14 19 24 30 36>
<47,2 5 7 9 12 15 20 25 32 38>
<48,2 5 7 9 12 16 21 27 34 40>
<49,3 5 7 9 13 17 23 29 36 43>
<50,3 5 7 10 14 19 25 31 39 46>
<51,3 5 8 10 15 20 27 33 42 49>
<52,3 6 8 11 16 21 29 36 45 52>
<53,3 6 8 12 17 23 31 39 48 56>
<54,3 6 9 13 18 25 33 42 51 60>
<55,4 6 9 14 20 27 36 45 55 64>
<56,4 6 9 15 21 29 38 47 58 68>
<57,4 6 10 16 22 31 40 49 61 72>
<58,4 7 10 17 24 33 42 52 65 77>
<59,5 7 11 18 26 35 46 56 69 82>
<60,5 7 12 19 28 38 49 61 75 90>
.skip 1;
.narrow -2;
.select 1
Speed ∂(20)Distance
(mph) ∂(20)   (yards)
.narrow 2;
.select 7;
< ,100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000>
<20,1 2 3 3 4 6 7 7 9 11>
<21,1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 13>
<22,1 2 4 4 5 7 8 9 12 14>
<23,1 3 4 5 6 8 9 11 14 17>
<24,1 3 4 5 7 9 10 12 15 19>
<25,2 3 5 5 7 10 13 15 19 23>
<26,2 4 5 6 8 11 15 17 22 27>
<27,2 4 6 7 9 12 16 19 24 29>
<28,2 4 6 8 10 13 18 23 28 34>
<29,2 5 7 8 11 14 19 24 30 36>
<30,2 5 7 9 12 16 21 27 34 40>
<31,3 5 8 10 14 19 25 31 39 46>
<32,3 5 8 10 15 20 27 33 42 49>
<33,3 6 9 12 17 23 31 38 48 56>
<34,3 6 9 13 18 25 33 42 51 60>
<35,4 6 10 15 21 29 38 46 58 68>
<36,4 7 11 17 24 33 42 49 65 77>
<37,5 7 12 18 26 35 46 52 69 82>
<38,5 7 14 19 28 38 49 56 75 90>
<39,6 8 15 20 30 42 53 61 80 95>
<40,6 8 16 22 32 46 58 67 84 99>
.end "table"
.skip 2;
>All pushing of riders is forbidden, even among teammates.
Such pushing will result in the entire team being disqualified.
>No team shall take pace behind another team closer
than 25 meters (80 feet) ahead, or 2 meters (7 feet) to the side
[time penalties in Table 1].
>The exchange of food, drink, minor repair items, help with
repairs and exchange of wheels or bicycles shall be permitted solely
among members of the same team.
>Each team may be followed by a car having no more than four people
aboard: a driver and a referee in the front seat and possibly a coach
and a mechanic in back.
The car may carry up to 4 bicycles ready for use in case of a mishap.
This car may also carry spare wheels and repair material.
>Follow cars shall not be allowed in front of the team but
must remain at least 20 meters (65 feet) behind the third rider and
must not pass the fourth rider until there is a 75 meters gap between the
third and fourth riders, or until the referee decides that it is safe.
<Stage Race.
.ind stage race
>A stage race is a sequence of races, usually road races, criteriums, and
time trials.
Normally, the individual winner is the rider with the lowest cumulative
time for all stages, including bonuses and penalties.
This cumulative time is referred to as "general classification".
International stage races are required to have also points competition
and team general classifications.
.ind general classification
=Team general classification is based on the total times of the first
three or more finishing riders of a given team in each stage, to which
any bonuses or penalties are added.
.ind king of the mountains
.ind queen of the mountains
=Point winners may be calculated on cumulative points earned for
places in the stages.
King or Queen of the Mountains may be awarded on points earned in
selected sprints to the tops of climbs along the route.
A Hot Spots award may be given on the basis of points earned in
special sprints along the route.
>Each stage shall have winners, and riders may
receive prizes in each stage according to their order of finish.

>Riders shall sign a control sheet before the start of each stage.
At the completion of each stage riders may be required to sign a
finish control sheet.
>Time for the riders will be calculated to the nearest second.
Riders finishing in a group will all be credited with the same time as the
lead rider of that group.
.ind bonus time in stage races
>Bonus times may be awarded the first three riders in each stage,
excluding time trials.  The maximum bonuses allowable are: 30 seconds for first,
20 seconds for second, and 10 seconds for third.
The bonuses are subtracted from the riders' times.
.ind mishap in final kilometer of stage race
>Riders must normally complete all previous stages in order
to start the next stage.
A rider suffering a mishap in the final kilometer of a stage who is
delayed or prevented from finishing, may be given the same time
as would have been attained had the mishap not occurred.
.ind time cut in stage race
>Riders who do not finish a stage within 20α% of the
winner's time may be eliminated from the race by the referees.
In extenuating circumstances, the chief referee may extend the time limit
to as much as 50α%.

>In a team time trial stage every member of the team must complete the
distance.
Team time trial times are not normally included in individual general
classifications.
>In the case of a tie on general classification, the riders'
sum of stage placings shall count to break the tie.
If still tied, the tie shall be broken on the basis of the riders'
placing in the final stage.
>Race rules and particulars for the entire event must be printed on
the official race description and all competitors shall be made
aware of these particulars.  The official race description shall include
stage starts, finishes, highways used, mileage, road and terrain
conditions, bonus times, point scores, stage prizes (number and value),
any special awards or competitions,
and a listing of time penalties for various infractions.
Results on general classification and from the preceding stage should be made
available to riders at least one hour before the start of the next stage.

>The appropriate racing rules will apply to each stage
when not covered expressly under rules for stage races.

.ind stage race penalties
.ind time penalties in stage race
.ind penalties in stage race
>For stage races, the penalties listed below are recommended instead of
those listed elsewhere for the same infractions.
With approval of the chief referee, these penalties may be changed to fit
local conditions provided they appear in the official race description or
subsequent official announcements.
Time penalties are applied to general classification times and
alter stage placings only if the offense is judged to have directly affected
the outcome of the stage.
.stagepen←arp;	<< stage penalty rule >>
.tabs 16;
.macro nix  ⊂ nofill; turn on "\"; narrow 8; group ⊃
=1. Towing or pulling effected by any means.
.continue
2. Willfully taking a short cut or substitution with another rider.
.continue
3. Taking pace behind a motor vehicle for more than 50 meters.
.begin nix;;
[Disqualification from the event]
.end
=Being offensive physically, verbally or in writing to officials,
organizers or public.
.begin nix;
[Warning or disqualification from the race.]
.end
=Riders presenting themselves at the start improperly attired.
.begin nix;
[Not allowed to start the race.]
.end
=Taking off a helmet or wearing one incorrectly.
.begin nix;
[1st offense \warning
2nd offense \disqualification]
.end
=1. Passing through a temporary road closure.
.continue
2. After neutralization at a temporary road closure, restarting before
the correct time interval.
.begin nix;
[1st offense \5 minute penalty
2nd offense \7 minute penalty
3rd offense \disqualification]
.end

=Pushing received from persons on board motor vehicles, or
pre-arranged sequential pushing from persons on foot.
.begin nix;
[1st offense \2 minute penalty
2nd offense \5 minute penalty
3rd offense \disqualification]
.end
=Prolonged or repeated pushing from persons on foot.
.begin nix;
[1st offense \10 second penalty
2nd offense \20 second penalty
3rd offense \30 second penalty
4th offense \1 minute penalty
5th offense \disqualification]
.end
=1. Taking support from or pushing oneself forward from cars or other
competitors.
.continue
2. Failure to obey traffic laws, especially the crossing of a centerline
outside of an emergency situation.
.begin nix;
[1st offense \30 second penalty
2nd offense \1 minute penalty
3rd offense \3 minute penalty
4th offense \5 minute penalty
5th offense \disqualification]
.end
=Pushing among competitors (to both competitors).
.begin nix;
[1st offense \30 second penalty
2nd offense \1 minute penalty
3rd offense \3 minute penalty
4th offense \5 minute penalty
5th offense \disqualification]
.end continue
If the offense takes place in the last kilometer of the race,
the riders shall be relegated last in their group and the above penalties
shall be doubled.
=Brief taking pace, not more than 50 meters, behind service cars.
.begin nix;
[1st offense \10 second penalty
2nd offense \30 second penalty
3rd offense \1 minute penalty
4th offense \2 minute penalty
5th offense \disqualification]
.end
=Violation of technical support procedures such as:
.continue
(1) incorrect changing of wheel or bicycle (wrong side of the road or
not behind the group),
.continue
(2) team vehicle passing without instruction or permission,
.continue
(3) interfering with the progress of the race,
.continue
(4) parking team vehicles where they interfere with the stage finish.
.continue
To the rider or team, as appropriate:
.begin nix;
[1st offense \5 second penalty
2nd offense \30 second penalty
3rd offense \1 minute penalty
4th offense \disqualification
.end continue
and possibly to the team:
.once indent 12, 12;
Team vehicle will be placed at the end of the convoy for the next stage
(immediately on the last stage).]

=Violation of feed area procedures, such as:
.continue
(1) receiving food or drink outside of the designated feeding areas,
.continue
(2) feeding from vehicles or other dangerous feeding practices.
.continue
To the rider or team, as appropriate:
.begin nix;
[1st offense \5 second penalty
2nd offense \30 second penalty
3rd offense \1 minute penalty
4th offense \3 minute penalty
5th offense \disqualification]
.end
=1. Using glass containers in the race.
.continue
2. Not signing the start or finish control sheet.
.continue
3. Not using the frame number; alteration or improper placement
of the numbers.
.continue
4. Not moving over to let official cars pass.
.begin nix;
[1st offense \5 second penalty
2nd offense \30 second penalty
3rd offense \1 minute penalty
4th offense \3 minute penalty
succeeding offenses: penalties 2 min. larger each time.]
.end
=Foul riding in the final sprint.
.begin nix;
[1st offense \1 minute penalty and relegation
2nd offense \2 minute penalty and relegation
3rd offense \disqualification]
.end
=Foul riding in other sprints.
.begin nix;
[1st offense \30 second penalty and relegation
2nd offense \1 minute penalty and relegation
3rd offense \disqualification]
.end
<Cyclocross.
.ind cyclocross
>The course shall be over generally rough terrain of which no more
than half shall be paved.
The course shall be such that approximately 75α%
of it can be covered on a bicycle.
>The length of a lap shall be at least one kilometer
(0.6 miles).  The first stretch of the course, immediately after the
start, shall be of sufficient length and width to allow the field to
string out properly before reaching the narrow part of the course and the
obstacles.
>The course should be at least 2 meters (7 feet) wide so that riders
can pass at nearly all points.
The course should be marked with arrows or cords to insure that it can be
followed.
Ditches and brooks should be no more than one meter across so that they
can be jumped.
>No artificial barrier shall exceed 40 cm. (16 inches) in height and
the sole purpose of such obstacles is to oblige the rider to cover a
certain distance on foot, without performing feats of acrobatics.
>The number of equipment stations and pits shall be left to the
discretion of the chief referee, who shall take into consideration the specific
requirements of the course.
They shall be set up at the most difficult points in such a way as not to
hinder the race or endanger the participants.
Riders may exchange equipment or bicycles only at these stations.
>Normally, bicycles may be exchanged only in case of a puncture or
mechanical mishap.
In case course conditions are bad, the chief referee may authorize the
changing of bicycles every lap.
>Rules regarding lapped riders are the same as for Criteriums.

<Cross-country Time Trial.
.ind cross-country time trial
>A cross-country time trial is an individual or team event from
point to point, possibly including intermediate check points.
The route between these points is normally not prescribed.

>The course and starting times should be arranged so that competitors
will be able to pass each other without having to take pace.

>All riders shall be started in the same way, either held or with
one foot on the ground.
If a rider appears later than the appointed starting time, the start will
be allowed only if it does not interfere with other riders starting on
schedule; if it does interfere, the rider may be further delayed.
In case of a late start, the appointed time shall be used in computing
the results.

>Each rider or team may be followed by a support vehicle or, if specified
in the official race announcement, by two vehicles.
Each vehicle shall carry a driver and a referee and shall be operated in
accordance with the referee's instructions.
Support vehicles shall normally stay at least 20 meters behind the nearest
rider.

>No rider shall take pace behind another rider other than a teammate
closer than 25 meters ahead or 2 meters to the side.
A rider who is observed taking pace shall receive a time penalty as specified
in Table 1 (see page { [3] tab1ref}).

>Riders shall obey all traffic regulations.
Stage race penalties shall be assessed where applicable,
in accordance with rule {stagepen}.
Riders shall lose any time lost as a result of apprehension for violations
and in addition shall be assessed the following time penalties whether
or not they are stopped:
.continue
(a) passing through a stop sign without coming to a complete
stop or crossing against a red light [2 minute penalty],
.continue
(b) following a road that is closed to bicycles [1 minute per kilometer].

>Feeding may be done in accordance with road race procedures or,
where conditions permit in the judgement of the chief referee, from
a motorcycle with a driver and a feeder.

<Track Events on the Road.
.ind track events on road
Track events may also be run on the road.
In such events the appropriate track rules shall apply, as interpreted by the
chief referee.